Leong L-Y, Hew T-S, Ooi K-B, Lee V-H, Hew J-J. A hybrid SEM-neural network analysis of social media addiction. Expert Syst Appl. 2019;133:296–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.05.024.
Google Scholar
Ostic D, Qalati SA, Barbosa B, Shah SMM, Galvan Vela E, Herzallah AM, Liu F. Effects of social media use on psychological well-being: a mediated model. Front Psychol. 2021;12:678766. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678766.
Google Scholar
Bayer JB, Triệu P, Ellison NB. Social media elements, ecologies, and effects. Annu Rev Psychol. 2020;71:471–97. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050944.
Google Scholar
Twenge JM, Campbell WK. Media use is linked to lower psychological well-being: evidence from three datasets. Psychiatry Q. 2019;90(2):311–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7.
Google Scholar
Ryan RM, Deci EL. On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:141–66. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141.
Google Scholar
Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation. 1999
Ryff CD. Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: new directions in quest of successful ageing. Int J Behav Dev. 1989;12(1):35–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200102.
Google Scholar
Ryff CD, Keyes CL. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995;69(4):719–27. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719.
Google Scholar
Diener, E. (Ed.). The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener. Springer Science + Business Media.2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6
Awad F, Mayasari R. Subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and islamic religiosity. Int J Sci Res (IJSR). 2015;4:1168–73.
Google Scholar
Halston A, Iwamoto D, Junker M, Chun H. Social media and loneliness. Int J Psychol Stud. 2019;11:27. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v11n3p27.
Google Scholar
Dalvi-Esfahani M, Niknafs A, Kuss DJ, Nilashi M, Afrough S. Social media addiction: applying the DEMA℡ approach. Telematics Informatics. 2019;43:101250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101250.
Google Scholar
Jiao Y, Jo M-S, Sarigöllü E. Social value and content value in social media: two paths to psychological well-being. J Organ Comput Electron Commer. 2017;27(1):3–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2016.1264762.
Google Scholar
Kim JY, Chung N, Ahn KM. Why people use social networking services in Korea: the mediating role of self-disclosure on subjective well-being. Inf Dev. 2014;30(3):276–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666913489894.
Google Scholar
Zsila Á, Reyes MES. Pros & cons: impacts of social media on mental health. BMC Psychology. 2023;11:201. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01243-x.
Google Scholar
Wei L, Gao F. Social media, social integration and subjective well-being among new urban migrants in China. Telematics Inform. 2017;34(3):786–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.05.017.
Google Scholar
Jimenez, Y., & Morreale, P. Social Media Use and Impact on Interpersonal Communication. In C. Stephanidis (Ed.), HCI International 2015—Posters’ Extended Abstracts, 2015; (pp. 91–96). Springer International Publishing.
Chotpitayasunondh V, Douglas KM. How, “phubbing” becomes the norm: the antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Comput Hum Behav. 2016;63:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.018.
Google Scholar
Swar B, Hameed T. Fear of missing out, social media engagement smartphone addiction and distraction: moderating role of self-help mobile apps-based interventions in the youth. Int Conference Health Informatics. 2017. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006166501390146.
Google Scholar
Roberts JA, David ME. The social media party: Fear of missing out (FoMO), social media intensity, connection, and well-being. Int J Human-Computer Interaction. 2020;36(4):386–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1646517.
Google Scholar
Vannucci A, Flannery KM, Ohannessian CM. Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. J Affect Disord. 2017;207:163–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.040.
Google Scholar
Kim Y, Lee M. Does social media use mitigate or exacerbate loneliness among korean older adults? focusing on the moderating role of media literacy. Soc Med + Soc. 2023;9(2):20563051231177960. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231177959.
Google Scholar
Dhir A, Yossatorn Y, Kaur P, Chen S. Online social media fatigue and psychological well-being—a study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Int J Inf Manage. 2018;40:141–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.012.
Google Scholar
Chi LC, Tang TC, Tang E. The phubbing phenomenon: a cross-sectional study on the relationships among social media addiction, fear of missing out, personality traits, and phubbing behavior. Curr Psychol. 2022;41(2):1112–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02468-y.
Google Scholar
Gong J, Firdaus A, Said F, Ali I, Danaee M, Xu J. Pathways linking media use to wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mediated moderation study. Soc Med + Soc. 2022;8:205630512210873. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051221087390.
Google Scholar
Gong J, Zanuddin H, Hou W, Xu J. Media attention, dependency, self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviours during the outbreak of COVID-19: a constructive journalism perspective. Global Med China. 2022;7(1):81–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/20594364211021331.
Google Scholar
Cole DA, Nick EA, Zelkowitz RL, Roeder KM, Spinelli T. Online social support for young people: does it recapitulate in-person social support; can it help? Comput Hum Behav. 2017;68:456–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.058.
Google Scholar
Chen Y, Gao Q. Effects of social media self-efficacy on informational use, loneliness, and self-esteem of older adults. Int J Human-Computer Int. 2023;39(5):1121–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2062855.
Google Scholar
Haslam DM, Tee A, Baker S. The use of social media as a mechanism of social support in parents. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(7):2026–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0716-6.
Google Scholar
Li LW, Liang J. Social exchanges and subjective well-being among older Chinese: does age make a difference? Psychol Aging. 2007;22(2):386–91. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.386.
Google Scholar
Brochado S, Soares S, Fraga S. A scoping review on studies of cyberbullying prevalence among adolescents. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2017;18(5):523–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016641668.
Google Scholar
van Geel M, Vedder P. Does cyberbullying predict internalizing problems and conduct problems when controlled for traditional bullying? Scand J Psychol. 2020;61(2):307–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12601.
Google Scholar
Carvalho M, Branquinho C, Matos M. Cyberbullying and bullying: impact on psychological symptoms and well-being. Child Indicators Res. 2021;14:435–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-020-09756-2.
Google Scholar
Wachs S, Vazsonyi AT, Wright MF, KsinanJiskrova G. Cross-national associations among cyberbullying victimization, self-esteem, and internet addiction: direct and indirect effects of alexithymia. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1368. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01368.
Google Scholar
Hsieh Y-P. Parental psychological control and adolescent cyberbullying victimization and perpetration: The mediating roles of avoidance motivation and revenge motivation. Asia Pacific J Soc Work. 2020;30:212–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2020.1776153.
Google Scholar
Kwan I, Dickson K, Richardson M, MacDowall W, Burchett H, Stansfield C, Brunton G, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J. Cyberbullying and children and young people’s mental health: a systematic map of systematic reviews. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020;23(2):72–82. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0370.
Google Scholar
Auxier B, Anderson M. Social Media USE in 2021. 2021. Available online at: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/
Gulzar MA, Ahmad M, Hassan M, Rasheed MI. How social media use is related to student engagement and creativity: Investigating through the lens of intrinsic motivation. Behav Information Technol. 2022;41(11):2283–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1917660.
Google Scholar
Wu H-Y, Chiou A-F. Social media usage, social support, intergenerational relationships, and depressive symptoms among older adults. Geriatr Nurs. 2020;41(5):615–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.03.016.
Google Scholar
Cingel DP, Carter MC, Krause H-V. Social media and self-esteem. Curr Opinion Psychol. 2022;45:101304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101304.
Google Scholar
Wirtz D, Tucker A, Briggs C, Schoemann A. How and why social media affect subjective well-being: multi-site use and social comparison as predictors of change across time. J Happiness Stud. 2021;22:1673–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00291-z.
Google Scholar
Ye S, Ho KKW, Wakabayashi K, Kato Y. Relationship between university students’ emotional expression on tweets and subjective well-being: considering the effects of their self-presentation and online communication skills. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):594. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15485-2.
Google Scholar
Chen YA, Fan T, Toma CL, Scherr S. International students’ psychosocial well-being and social media use at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: a latent profile analysis. Comput Human Behav. 2022;137:107409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107409.
Google Scholar
Yimer BL. Social media usage, psychosocial well-being and academic performance. Community Health Equity Res Policy. 2023;43(4):399–404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X211033482.
Google Scholar
Diener E, Seligman MEP. Beyond money: toward an economy of well-being. Psycholog Sci Pub Interest. 2004;5(1):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00501001.x.
Google Scholar
Shaheen MA. Use of social networks and information seeking behavior of students during political crises in Pakistan: a case study. The Intern Information Library Rev. 2008;40(3):142–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iilr.2008.07.006.
Google Scholar
Shah S, Hussain K, Aftab A, Rizve R. Social media usage and students’ psychological well-being: an empirical analysis of District Mirpur, AJ&K, Pakistan. New Educ Rev. 2021;64:60–72. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2021.64.2.05.
Google Scholar
O’keeffe GS, Clarke-Pearson K, Council on Communications and Media. The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics. 2011;127(4):800–4. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054.
Google Scholar
Zhan L, Sun Y, Wang N, Zhang X. Understanding the influence of social media on people’s life satisfaction through two competing explanatory mechanisms. Aslib J Inf Manag. 2016;68(3):347–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-12-2015-0195.
Google Scholar
McGillivray, M. Human Well-being: Issues, Concepts and Measures. In: McGillivray, M. (eds) Human Well-Being. Studies in Development Economics and Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. 2007.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625600_1
Twenge JM, Joiner TE, Rogers ML, Martin GN. Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among U.S. Adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Clin Psycholog Sci. 2018;6(1):3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617723376.
Google Scholar
Keyes CL, Dhingra SS, Simoes EJ. Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2366–71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010.192245.
Google Scholar
Renshaw TL. Psychometrics of the revised college student subjective well-being questionnaire. Can J Sch Psychol. 2018;33(2):136–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573516678704.
Google Scholar
Wu M-S. The effects of facebook use on network social capital and subjective well-being: a generational cohort analysis from the Taiwan social change survey. Heliyon. 2023;9(4):e14969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14969.
Google Scholar
Dienlin T, Masur PK, Trepte S. Reinforcement or displacement? The reciprocity of FtF, IM, and SNS communication and their effects on loneliness and life satisfaction. J Comput-Mediat Commun. 2017;22(2):71–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12183.
Google Scholar
Moukalled SH, Bickham DS, Rich M. Examining the associations between online interactions and momentary affect in depressed adolescents. Front Human Dynamics. 2021;3:624727. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.624727.
Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics; 2008.
Moneta GB, Csikszentmihalyi M. The effect of perceived challenges and skills on the quality of subjective experience. J Pers. 1996;64(2):275–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00512.x.
Google Scholar
Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965.
Google Scholar
Brown, J. D., & Marshall, M. A. The Three Faces of Self-Esteem. In M. H. Kernis (Ed.), Self-esteem issues and answers: A sourcebook of current perspectives, 2006; (pp. 4–9). Psychology Press.
Valkenburg PM, Koutamanis M, Vossen HGM. The concurrent and longitudinal relationships between adolescents’ use of social network sites and their social self-esteem. Comput Hum Behav. 2017;76:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.008.
Google Scholar
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84(2):191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
Google Scholar
Sowislo JF, Orth U. Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Bull. 2013;139(1):213–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028931.
Google Scholar
ciçek I. Mediating role of self-esteem in the association between loneliness and psychological and subjective well-being in University students. Intern J Contemporary Educ Res. 2021;8:83–97. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.817660.
Google Scholar
Orth U, Robins RW. The development of self-esteem. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2014;23(5):381–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414547414.
Google Scholar
Fatima M, Niazi S, Ghayas S. Relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety: role of social connectedness as a mediator. Pakistan J Soc Clin Psychol. 2017;15:12–7.
Pineiro, Carly Renee, “Social media use and self-esteem in undergraduate students”. Theses and Dissertations. 2016;1484. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/1484
Tracy JL, Robins RW. “Death of a (Narcissistic) salesman:” an integrative model of fragile self-esteem: comment. Psychol Inq. 2003;14(1):57–62.
Apaolaza V, Hartmann P, Medina E, Barrutia JM, Echebarria C. The relationship between socializing on the Spanish online networking site Tuenti and teenagers’ subjective wellbeings: the roles of self-esteem and loneliness. Comput Hum Behav. 2013;29(4):1282–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.002.
Google Scholar
Burrow AL, Rainone N. How many likes did I get?: Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2017;69:232–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.09.005.
Google Scholar
Marengo D, Montag C, Sindermann C, Elhai JD, Settanni M. Examining the links between active facebook use, received likes, self-esteem and happiness: a study using objective social media data. Telematics Informatics. 2021;58:101523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101523.
Google Scholar
Toma CL, Hancock JT. Self-affirmation underlies facebook use. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013;39(3):321–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212474694.
Google Scholar
Lakey B, Orehek E. Relational regulation theory: a new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health. Psychol Rev. 2011;118(3):482–95. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023477.
Google Scholar
Brailovskaia J, Teismann T, Margraf J. Cyberbullying, positive mental health and suicide ideation/behavior. Psychiatry Res. 2018;267:240–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.074.
Google Scholar
Calhoun CD, Stone KJ, Cobb AR, Patterson MW, Danielson CK, Bendezú JJ. The role of social support in coping with psychological trauma: an integrated biopsychosocial model for posttraumatic stress recovery. Psychiatry Q. 2022;93(4):949–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-022-10003-w.
Google Scholar
Tian Q. Intergeneration social support affects the subjective well-being of the elderly: mediator roles of self-esteem and loneliness. J Health Psychol. 2016;21(6):1137–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314547245.
Google Scholar
Nick EA, Cole DA, Cho SJ, Smith DK, Carter TG, Zelkowitz RL. The online social support scale: measure development and validation. Psychol Assess. 2018;30(9):1127–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000558.
Google Scholar
Zhao C, Ding N, Yang X, Xu H, Lai X, Tu X, Lv Y, Xu D, Zhang G. Longitudinal effects of stressful life events on problematic smartphone use and the mediating roles of mental health problems in chinese undergraduate students. Front Pub Health. 2021;9:752210. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.752210.
Google Scholar
Boyd dm, Ellison NB. Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship. J Computer-Mediated Commun. 2007;13(1):210–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
Google Scholar
Wenninger H, Krasnova H, Buxmann P. Understanding the role of social networking sites in the subjective well-being of users: a diary study. Eur J Inf Syst. 2019;28(2):126–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2018.1496883.
Google Scholar
Gilmour J, Machin T, Brownlow C, Jeffries C. Facebook-based social support and health: a systematic review. Psychology of Popular Media. 2020;9(3):328–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000246.
Google Scholar
Zheng X, Wang Z, Chen H, Xie F. The relationship between self-esteem and internet altruistic behavior: the mediating effect of online social support and its gender differences. Person Individual Diff. 2021;172:110588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110588.
Google Scholar
Porter AC, Zelkowitz RL, Gist DC, Cole DA. Self-Evaluation and depressive symptoms: a latent variable analysis of self-esteem, shame-proneness, and self-criticism. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2019;41(2):257–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-019-09734-1.
Google Scholar
Leary MR, Tambor ES, Terdal SK, Downs DL. Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: the sociometer hypothesis. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995;68(3):518–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518.
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Nie R, Li Z, Zhou N. WeChat Moments use and self-esteem among Chinese adults: the mediating roles of personal power and social acceptance and the moderating roles of gender and age. Personality Individ Differ. 2018;131:31–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.012.
Google Scholar
Karaca A, Yildirim N, Cangur S, Acikgoz F, Akkus D. Relationship between mental health of nursing students and coping, self-esteem and social support. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;76:44–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.01.029.
Google Scholar
Jin, G. Lu, L. Zhang, X. Li. The mediating role of college students’ online social support in the relationship between self-esteem and online deviant behavior. Psychological Techniques and Application, 2017;5 (6), 327–333
Rafferty R, Vander Ven T. “I hate everything about you”: a qualitative examination of cyberbullying and on-line aggression in a college sample. Deviant Behav. 2014;35(5):364–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.849171.
Google Scholar
Zhu C, Huang S, Evans R, Zhang W. Cyberbullying among adolescents and children: a comprehensive review of the global situation, risk factors, and preventive measures. Front Pub Health. 2021;9:634909. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.634909.
Google Scholar
Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbullying victimization. Child Abuse Negl. 2017;73:51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.010.
Google Scholar
Ladd GW, Ettekal I, Kochenderfer-Ladd B. Peer victimization trajectories from kindergarten through high school: differential pathways for children’s school engagement and achievement? J Educ Psychol. 2017;109(6):826–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000177.
Google Scholar
Akbulut Y, Erişti B. Cyberbullying and victimisation among Turkish university students. Australas J Educ Technol. 2011;27:1155–70.
Google Scholar
Hellfeldt K, López-Romero L, Andershed H. Cyberbullying and psychological well-being in young adolescence: the potential protective mediation effects of social support from family, friends, and teachers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;17(1):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010045.
Google Scholar
Cénat JM, Blais M, Hébert M, Lavoie F, Guerrier M. Correlates of bullying in Quebec high school students: the vulnerability of sexual-minority youth. J Affect Disord. 2015;183:315–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.011.
Google Scholar
Peled Y. Cyberbullying and its influence on academic, social, and emotional development of undergraduate students. Heliyon. 2019;5(3):e01393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01393.
Google Scholar
Maurya C, Muhammad T, Dhillon P, Maurya P. The effects of cyberbullying victimization on depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents and young adults: a three year cohort study from India. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):599. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04238-x.
Google Scholar
Burns, M. L. Cyberbullying: reciprocal links with social anxiety, self-esteem and resilience in U.K. school children (Master’s thesis, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom). 2017. Retrieved from https://chesterrep.openrepository.com/handle/10034/620963. Accessed 22 Aug 2023.
Ding Z, Wang X, Liu Q. The relationship between college students’ self-esteem and cyber aggressive behavior: the role of social anxiety and dual self-consciousness. Psychol Dev Educ. 2018;34(2):171–80.
Pieschl S, Porsch T. The complex relationship between cyberbullying and trust. Int J Dev Sustain. 2017;11:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-160208.
Google Scholar
Denche-Zamorano Á, Barrios-Fernandez S, Galán-Arroyo C, Sánchez-González S, Montalva-Valenzuela F, Castillo-Paredes A, Rojo-Ramos J, Olivares PR. Science mapping: a bibliometric analysis on cyberbullying and the psychological dimensions of the self. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010209.
Google Scholar
Völlink T, Bolman CAW, Dehue F, Jacobs NCL. Coping with cyberbullying: differences between victims, bully-victims and children not involved in bullying. J Commun App Soc Psychol. 2013;23(1):7–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2142.
Google Scholar
Brislin RW. Comparative research methodology: cross-cultural studies. Int J Psychol. 1976;11:215–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207597608247359.
Google Scholar
Rosen LD, Whaling K, Carrier LM, Cheever NA, Rokkum J. The media and technology usage and attitudes scale: an empirical investigation. Comput Hum Behav. 2013;29(6):2501–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.006.
Google Scholar
Barton BA, Adams KS, Browne BL, Arrastia-Chisholm MC. The effects of social media usage on attention, motivation, and academic performance. Act Learn High Educ. 2021;22(1):11–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787418782817.
Google Scholar
Ybarra ML, Espelage DL, Mitchell KJ. The co-occurrence of Internet harassment and unwanted sexual solicitation victimization and perpetration: associations with psychosocial indicators. The J Adolescent Health. 2007;41(6):S31-41.
Google Scholar
Jiang H, Chen G, Wang T. Relationship between belief in a just world and Internet altruistic behavior in a sample of Chinese undergraduates: Multiple mediating roles of gratitude and self-esteem. Personality Individ Differ. 2017;104:493–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.005.
Google Scholar
Zhou Z, Cheng Q. Measuring online social support: development and validation of a short form for Chinese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(21):14058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114058.
Google Scholar
Li R-H. Reliability and validity of a shorter Chinese version for Ryff’s psychological well-being scale. Health Educ J. 2014;73(4):446–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896913485743.
Google Scholar
Tan Y, Huang C, Geng Y, Cheung SP, Zhang S. Psychological well-being in Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: roles of resilience and environmental stress. Front Psychol. 2021;12:671553. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671553.
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Carciofo R. Assessing the wellbeing of Chinese university students: validation of a Chinese version of the college student subjective wellbeing questionnaire. BMC psychology. 2021;9(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00569-8.
Google Scholar
Hayes AF. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. A Regression-Based Approach (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press; 2018.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications, Inc. 1991
Hair J, Hollingsworth CL, Randolph AB, Chong AYL. An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Ind Manag Data Syst. 2017;117(3):442–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2016-0130.
Google Scholar
Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res. 1981;18(1):39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312.
Google Scholar
Hair, J. F, Hult, G. Tomas M, Ringle, C. M, & Sarstedt, M. A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). 2016;2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Podsakoff NP. Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annu Rev Psychol. 2012;63:539–69. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452.
Google Scholar
Wellman B. Computer networks as social networks. Science. 2001;293:2031–4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1065547.
Google Scholar
Diener E, Diener M. Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995;68(4):653–63. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.68.4.653.
Google Scholar
Steger MF, Frazier P, Oishi S, Kaler M. The meaning in life questionnaire: assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. J Couns Psychol. 2006;53(1):80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80.
Google Scholar
Steele CM. The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.). Soc Psychol Stud Self. 1988;21:261–302 (Academic Press).
Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 2000; Vol. 32, pp. 1–62. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(00)80003-9
Zheng Q, Yao T, Fan X. Improving customer well-being through two-way online social support. J Serv Theory Pract. 2016;26(2):179–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-09-2014-0188.
Google Scholar
Nabi RL, Prestin A, So J. Facebook friends with (health) benefits? Exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support, stress, and well-being. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2013;16(10):721–7. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0521.
Google Scholar
Indian M, Grieve R. When facebook is easier than face-to-face: Social support derived from facebook in socially anxious individuals. Personality Individ Differ. 2014;59:102–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.016.
Google Scholar
Neira CJB, Barber BL. Social networking site use: Linked to adolescents’ social self-concept, self-esteem, and depressed mood. Aust J Psychol. 2014;66(1):56–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12034.
Google Scholar
Woods HC, Scott H. #Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. J Adolesc. 2016;51:41–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008.
Google Scholar
Harter, S. The construction of the self: Developmental and sociocultural foundations (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. 2012
Zhang H, Guan L, Qi M, Yang J. Self-esteem modulates the time course of self-positivity bias in explicit self-evaluation. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):Article e81169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081169.
Google Scholar
Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Marsch LA, Bartels SJ. The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci. 2016;25(2):113–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796015001067.
Google Scholar
Reining, Lauren; Drouin, Michelle; Toscos, Tammy; and Mirro, Michael J. “College students in distress: Can social media be a source of social support?”. Presentations and Events. 2018;7. https://researchrepository.parkviewhealth.org/presentations/7
Cao X, Khan AN, Zaigham GHK, Khan NA. The stimulators of social media fatigue among students: role of moral disengagement. J Educ Computing Res. 2019;57(5):1083–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633118781907.
Google Scholar
Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Hamilton HA. Social networking sites and mental health problems in adolescents: The mediating role of cyberbullying victimization. European Psychiatry. 2015;30(8):1021–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.011.
Google Scholar
Valkenburg PM, Peter J. The differential susceptibility to media effects model. J Commun. 2013;63:221–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12024.
Google Scholar
Gerbner G, Gross L. Living with television: the violence profile. J Commun. 1976;26(2):173–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x.
Google Scholar
Heiman T, Olenik-Shemesh D, Frank G. Patterns of coping with cyberbullying: emotional, behavioral, and strategic coping reactions among middle school students. Violence Vict. 2019;34(1):28–45. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.34.1.28.
Google Scholar
Valkenburg PM. Social media use and well-being: what we know and what we need to know. Curr Opinion Psychol. 2022;45:101294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.006.
Google Scholar
Yang CC, Holden SM, Ariati J. Social media and psychological well-being among youth: the multidimensional model of social media use. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2021;24(3):631–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00359-.
Google Scholar
Zhou X, Snoswell CL, Harding LE, Bambling M, Edirippulige S, Bai X, Smith AC. The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemed E-Health. 2020;26(4):377–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2020.0068.
Google Scholar