Main findings
In 2022, 21.6% of the EU population, or approximately 95.3 million people, were at risk of poverty or social exclusion.
The risk of poverty and social exclusion does not depend strictly on household income level, as it may also reflect unemployment, low work intensity, working conditions, and various other socio-economic characteristics. there is no. To calculate the number or proportion of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, three separate measures are combined. This is intended for people who are in at least one of her three situations:
- Those at risk of poverty, in other words, those whose equivalent disposable income is below the poverty risk threshold.
- People who suffer from severe material and social deprivation, in other words, out of 13 deprivation items (6 related to individuals and 7 related to households) that most people consider desirable or desirable. , people who can’t afford to pay at least seven. Necessary for living an adequate quality of life.
- People who live in households with very low labor intensity (under 65 years of age), in other words, people who live in households where adults worked 20% or less of their total potential working hours in the previous 12 months.
In 2022, across the EU, women (rather than men), young people (rather than middle-aged and elderly people), and people with low education (rather than people with high education) are at higher risk of poverty and social exclusion. was high. intermediate or tertiary education level), especially the unemployed.
- More than a fifth of the EU population living in households with dependent children will be at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2022, and households without dependent children will be at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The risk was slightly lower.
- Unsurprisingly, employment status was one of the main socio-economic characteristics influencing the risk of poverty and social exclusion. In 2022, the risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU was 11.1% for employed people and 19.1% for retired people, compared to almost two-thirds (65.2%) for unemployed people and lower for other inactive people. It was 42.9%. In other words, people who are not working or unemployed for reasons other than retirement.
- The risks of poverty and social exclusion vary widely across EU member states. Romania (34.4%), Bulgaria (32.2%) and Greece (26.3%) reported the highest proportion of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion. In contrast, Poland, Slovenia and the Czech Republic had a share of less than 16.0% (EU value 21.6%).
poverty and social exclusion
More than one in five people in the EU were at risk of poverty or social exclusion
As of 2022, there were approximately 95.3 million people in the EU at risk of poverty or social exclusion, representing 21.6% of the total population. The number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, sometimes abbreviated as ‘AROPE’, corresponds to (i) the total number of people at risk of poverty (as indicated by their disposable income); . and/or (ii) face severe material and social deprivation (as determined by the ability to purchase a predefined set of goods or social activities); and/or (iii) live in a household with very low labor intensity.
Component indicators that contribute to risk analysis of poverty and social exclusion
Figure 1 We analyze various risks of poverty and social exclusion in the EU population. Of the 95.3 million residents in the EU who faced a risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2022, around 5.6 million lived in households experiencing all three risks of poverty and social exclusion simultaneously. There are 11.3 million people in the EU at risk of poverty and living in households with very low labor intensity (but not in deep material or social poverty). 8.8 million people were at risk of poverty and at the same time exposed to severe material and social poverty (but not in households with very low labor intensity). Approximately 2.2 million people lived in households with very low labor intensity while experiencing severe material poverty (but were not at risk of poverty).
Profile of people in the EU at risk of poverty or social exclusion
Women, young adults aged 18-24, people with low education and the unemployed are, on average, more likely to be at risk of poverty and social exclusion in 2022 than other groups within the EU population. It was expensive (see Figure 2).
When analyzed by gender, the risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU was higher for women than for men (22.7% vs. 20.4%).
Young people were at higher risk of poverty and social exclusion than other age groups
Regarding age, young adults aged 18-24 years are at the highest risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU (26.5%), while adults aged 25-49 years are at the lowest risk (19.9%). Ta. Between these two age groups, the risk of poverty or social exclusion was 20.2% for people aged 65 and over and 21.0% for those aged 50–64. The youngest age group, those under 18, was also at relatively high risk (24.7%).
In addition to age, educational background also had a significant impact on the risk of poverty and social exclusion.
At EU level, more than a third (34.5%) of the total population aged 18 and over with low educational attainment (ISCED levels 0-2) are at risk of poverty or social exclusion, compared to 10.5% of the population. % of the same age group with higher (higher) education level (ISCED level 5-8). The corresponding proportion of people with intermediate educational attainment (ISCED level 3-4) was 19.8%.
Unemployed people are at particular risk of poverty and social exclusion
In the EU, almost two-thirds (65.2%) of unemployed people aged 18 and over are at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2022. When broken down by activity status, 42.9% are at risk. For comparison, the proportion of people in retirement at risk of poverty or social exclusion was 19.1%, and the proportion of employed people was 11.1%.
Across the EU, households with dependent children were at slightly higher risk of poverty and social exclusion than those without.
More than a fifth (22.4%) of people living in households with dependent children in the EU are at risk of poverty or social exclusion, compared to households without dependent children. (20.8%). Nevertheless, these rates vary widely depending on her EU member state.The proportion of people living in households with dependent children ranges from peaks of 36.0% in Romania, 30.7% in Bulgaria, and 29.2% in Spain to 11.7% in Denmark, 11.3% in the Czech Republic, and 8.9% in Slovenia. (see Figure 3). For households without dependent children, the proportion varied from 34.5% in Estonia, 33.8% in Bulgaria and 33.4% in Latvia to 14.5% in Luxembourg, 12.3% in the Czech Republic and 11.4% in Slovakia.
context
“At risk of poverty or social exclusion”, abbreviated as AROPE, is a person at risk of poverty, in severe material and social poverty, or living in a household with very low labor intensity. Equivalent to the total number of people. Even if there are more than one of these situations, a person will only include her once. The AROPE ratio is the proportion of the total population at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The main goal on poverty and social inclusion of the European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan (EU2030 goal) is to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion by at least 15 million by 2030. Progress towards this goal will be monitored through the following programs: His AROPE rate published by Eurostat.
The AROPE indicator has changed in 2021. The components of the severe material deprivation rate have been revised and a new severe material and social deprivation rate (SMSD) has been defined based on a revised list of items, and a The low work intensity index has been redefined. . The revised AROPE indicators will be used to monitor the main objectives on poverty and social inclusion of the European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan.